Machine for making composition shingles.



J. E. & 0. M. LOWER. MACHINE r0? MAKING COMPOSITION SHINGLES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV- 25,19I7.

Patented July 23, 1918.

Snow/Wow JO-55PM C. LOVER.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

oovooo OLIVER M: LOYEW.

. J. C. & 0. M. LOYER.

MACHINE FOR MAKING COMPOSITION SHINGLES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.26, [9!7- Patented J 11137 23, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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MACHINE FOR MAKING COMPOSITION SHINGLES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 25. I917.

1 893%, Patented July 23, 1918.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

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nevaaaa' specification of Letters Patent.

Patented illttly lldld.

application filed. November at, 191?. aerial Ito. aoanao.

being bad to the accompanying drawings,

which form a part of this specification,

This invention relates to machines for making composition shingle, and its general object is to provide a comparatively simple and eflicient apparatusfor making a tapered l shingle formed of an asphalt composition on an asphaltum felt or paper base whereby the shingle may be formed rapidly and at a minimum cost. 1 A feature of the invention is involved in a means whereby shirigles are formed with a tapered body of asphalt composition on a flat paper or feltbase. A. further feature of the invention is involved in the means for positioning the asphaltum paper or-felt cover on a portion of the upper surface and in a means for applying crushed slate or stone to the upper surface. These and other objects, and the several novel features of the invention are hereinafter more fully described and claimed and shown .in the accompanying drawings in which Figure l is a side elevation (practically diagrammatic in form), of a machine embodying our invention Fig. 2 is a section taken on line mw of Fig. 1, showing the forming rolls. Fig. 3 is adetail of the rolls utilized in cutting the sheetasphaltum, felt or paper into longitudinal strips prior tow-introduction between the forming rolls.

Fig. l is a section taken on line y-y of Fig. 1, showing the rolls for forming the butts of the shingles, Fig, 5 is a longitudinal section of a shingle. a r

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of the de I vice for cutting the strips transversely. V The machine consists of aseries of rolls of various characters as. hereinafter described, mounted in any suitable framework,

for instance such as is illustrated in Fig. l,

. At one end of" the framework is mounted a pair of cutter rolls 1 and 2, which may be of any approved form adapted to cut a sheet of material'delivered thereto from the roll 3 into longitudinal strips of a width equal to the length of the shingle to be formed. The asphaltum paper or felt roll 3. is the same in character as now commonly used til] in the manufacture of roofing material, and

preferably the roll 3 and sheet ofpaper thereon is of a width equal to the length of four shingles for reasons as will appear hereinafter.

There is a traveling belt l carried on rolls 5 and 6 mounted in the framework and these rolls are driven by means of la main drive shaft 7 and pair of bevel gears emu S and vertical shaft 10 on the upper-end of which.

is a gear ll meshing with a gear 1% ontho end of the'roll.

all of the rolls as hereinafter described, are

lEach roll 5 and 6 is driven by a single train of gears and shafting, and

driven in like manner from the main shaft 7. The belt rolls are mounted so that the lower half of the belt runs in a tank 13 form so that the belt in passing over the rollslies flat, but the said rolls are grooved to receive longitudinal strips ll secured to the under side of the belt for the purpose of giving strength thereto. .The belt is preferably of woven fabric, and by use of the longitudinal strips ll the belt is prevented from stretching materially. The strips 14: may be formed of material such as hydraulic packing and preferably in one piece with lapped ends. I

What we have termed the forrnm indicated at 15 in Fig. l and, as will e seen in Fig. 2, this rollis formed of several independent hollow members 15 tapered in form and mounted on a shaft 23. There are preferably four of the rollers 15 with the small ends ofthe two pairs placed together and the largeends of the two inner rolls being contiguously positioned. While only two pairs of rolls 15 are here shown, it is to be understood that any desired number of rolls may be used. These rolls are formed at the ends to provide a groove 16 in which the strips 14 on the belt may ride. Above this composite roll l5 is mounted a pressure roller l7 which is adjustably mounted in the framework to enable it to be regulated in poroll is 7 llll' shaft and a bevel gear 19 on the vertical shaft 20. On this shaft 20 is a bevel gear 21 engaging a similar bevel gear 22 on the shaft 23 of the roll 15. Above this gear 21 is a gear 24 splined on the shaft 20 meshing with a gear 25 on the shaft 26 of the pressure roll 17. The shaft 26 is carried in boxes 27 on opposite sides of the vertical framework 10* slidable by means of the screws 28 and 29 to adjust the position ofi the roll 17. The rolls 17 and 15, by the train of gears mentioned, are driven in opposite directions as will be readily understood. The roll 17 is provided with three fiat edged blades 30 positioned to engage against the belt running between the rollers at the points below which the strips 14 are fastened. These blades 30 are preferably about one inch in width of face, and serve the purpose of holding the paper in position on the belt after being cut by the rollers 1 and 2. From Fig. 2 it will be understood that the paper coming from the roll 3 passes through the cutting rolls 1 and 2 and is slit longitudinally, the cutting rolls 1 and 2 as will be seen in Fig. 3 having cutters 31 in the upper roll 1 riding in grooves 32 in the lower roll 2, and these knives 31 are spaced the same as the blades 30 on the roll 17 The paper in passing onto the belt 4 lies flat as does the belt in passing over the roll 5. As the belt and paper pass between the rollers 15 and 17, however, the belt and the paper strips. are depressed by the blades 30 to conform to the outline of the composite roll 15. As will be readily understood the blades 30 ride on the contiguous edges of the two adcjacent strips of paper and thus holds the paper in position on the belt, each pair of,

contiguous strips being opposite inclined.

Suitably supported in any approved manner above the belt roll 5 is a mixer 33 into which asphalt and cinders or the like is delivered through the chutes 34 and 35 respectively. This is thoroughly mixed together by means of the usual mixing blades 90in the mixer 33 operated by means of a belt wheel 36. By rotation of the mixing blades, the material is passed through the mixer and delivered therefrom by means of a chute 37 onto the upper surface of the paper or felt strips carried on the belt 4. The chute 37 and mixer should deliver a sufficrent quantity of material and fairly equally distr bute it across the face of the belt to provide the desired thickness of material after passing through the rolls. As will be understood from Fig. 3, the upper face of the asphalt and cinder composition Will be practically flat entirely across the rolls :17 and 15 and that on each strip of paper on any section of the composite-roll 15 the material is of certain thickness at one end and considerably thinner at the other. This is shown somewhat in exaggerated form in ea asses felt web, and being delivered thereonto in a warm state is readily shaped as described. Furthermore, the roll 17 is heated and this may be accomplished by extending longitudinally of the face of the roll a gas pipe 38 having apertures on the side adjacent the face of the roll, and the flame impinges against the face of the roll thus heating the same and tending to maintain the material hot during the forming thereof. The blades 30 on the roll 17 hold each two adjacent belt or paper webs in the form of a trough which is readily filled with the hot asphalt composition. The material and paper strips after passing through the rolls 15 and 17, nextpass between a similar pair of rollers 39 and 40. The roll 39 is composite in form corre sponding to the roll 15, and the roll 40 is a heated roll exactly similar to the roll 17 although if desired, the blades 30 used on the roll 17 may be dispensed with as the mate rial on the belt formed between the first pair of rollers 15 and 17 will hold the belt in angular position on the rolls 39. The roll 40 is heated in the same manner as the roll 17 for the reason that the-material is quite hot and apt to bubble in passing the roll 17. The distance between the rolls 17 and 40 is sufiicient to allow the coating to partially cool. Then the hot roll 40 makes the material sufficiently plastic to fill the depressions and produce a fiat surface.

It is to be noted that the screw members 28- and 29 are carried by an upper framework 77 which is provided with brackets 41 for the screws and this framework also carries a series of asphaltum paper rolls 42 there being a roll 42 for each division of the composite roller 15. These rolls are of felt or paper exactly similar to the asphaltum paper in the roll 3 and having a width in the neighborhood of one-half the length of a section 15 of the roll 15. These rolls 42 are positioned so that the paper may be fed therefrom onto the narrow side of each coated strip passed between the rolls 39 and 40. The paper passes from the roll 42 over a cold roller 43 mounted in thermain framework and its purpose is to press the strips from the roll 42 into the surface of each longitudinal composite strip passing between the rolls 15 and 17 and 39 and 40. This will be understood fror?- Fig. 5 showing the section of a shingle on the lower side of which is the strip 44 on which the asphalt and cinder composition 46 is rarasee placed'and shaped by meansof the rollers 15. and .17, and as this composite felt or paper and composition strip passes between the rolls 43 and companion roll 47 therebelow this upper strip 48 fromthe roll 42 is forced into the upper face of the composition .so that the upper face of the felt or paper.v strip48 andexposed face of the asphalt and cinder composition are in'the 5 is to enable the superimposed shingle to lie flatly in contact one with the-other. as shown indotted lines in the said fi re. The butt of the said shingle extends s ightly beyond the lower end of the strip 48 and leaving exposed only the asphalt-cinder face of the lower shingle and the. asphaltum paper or felt 44 on the lower face of the upper shingle lies in surface contact with the felt or paper strip 48 on the upper surface of the lower shingle, and when laid the two shinglesunite to a greater or less extent by reason of the contact of the asphaltum coated felt or paper. Thus the shingles are prevented from warping or lifting after being laid 1 After passing between the rolls 43 and 47 the longitudinal strips which have been shaped as stated, and as shown in cross section in ltig. 5, pass beneath a gas burner 49 positioned above the belt having flame or arranged to produce suficient heat to make the upper surface of the asphalt sticky in character. Although the drawing shows this gas burner 49 as being quite close to the rolls 43 and '47 it is in fact spaced some little distance therefrom, be-

* ing practically about four feet from the center of the rolls. lllirectly above the burner is a bin. 50 containing crushed or granular slate or stone. The bin has a tapered bottom wall and at the discharge end is providedwith an agitating device (not here shown) operated by the wheel 51 which is driven by means of a similar wheel on the shaft of the rollerr4?. The agitator operated by the wheel 51 is thus continuously operated during the operation of thema chine and the quantity of crushed slate or stone falls down through} the burner 49 onto the asphalt covered strips'.- The material in falling through the burner is heated to some" extent and falls directly onto the sticky upper surface of the composition and' naturally adheres thereto.

After the strips pass from beneath the heater 49, they next pass beneath a series of air nozzles 52 (there preferably being a nozzle for each coated strip), and by this means the excess slate or stone is blown ofl from the surface of the composition. Thereupon the strips pass between the'rollers 53 and 54,the roller 53 being preferably similar to the roller 17 and the roller 54 being composite in form similar to the roll 15. These rolls 53 and 54 are cold rolls and serve to further embed the adhering gran- .ular stone or slate into the aspalt surface.

lit is to be noted that crushed stone or slate do not to'any material extent adhere to the upper paper strip 48 but do readily adhere to the sticky asphalt portion 46.

After the strips have passed between the rolls 58 and 54 the belt 4 passes around the belt roller 6 and the coated strips only pass on between the forming rollers 55 and .56, shown in 16 ig. 4. The roller 55 is provided with a pair of formers 57 and 58 which run between adjacent thick edges of each pair of strips and shape the asphalt material onthe edge to conform to the curved portion 59 of the formers, as is indicated at in Fig. 5. They also serve to prevent the asphalt strips from sticking together. Centrally disposed of the roll 55 is a parting member 60 that separates the two adjacent thin edge of the central strips and. serves to produce a smooth and straight edge on the said strips. Tn passing through these rollers 55 and 56 therefor the thick longitudinal edges of the strips are shaped to conform to the desired shape of the butt of a shingle. After passing through the rolls 55 and 56, the upper surface of the coated strips should be sprayed with cold water which may be supplied through pipes are spaced apart adistance to produce a shingle of the desired width in cutting the webs transversely, there being two shingles severed from the strips during til i rue rot

each revolution of the roll 78. These fall down from the machine onto an inclined table, a portion of which is indicated at 99.. The roller 78 is driven by means of a bevel lit gear 'Z'Oon the main shaft '8' meshing with a bevel gear 61 on a cross shaft which is provided with a spur gear meshing with a lLZll actly accords withthe speed of movement of the strips through the machine, and thus paper and material fed into the machine at rat the forward end is delivered therefrom in the form of finished shingle.

By maintainin the belt 4 saturated as stated, the aspha t is prevented from sticking thereto and furthermore, the belt by --inexpensive and readily secured and are practically fire proof in character. The paper cutting rolls shown in detail in Fig. 3 are to be understood as being positively driven by any approved mechanism in such manner that the surface speed thereof is at least equal to the speed of travel of the strips through the machine.

It is preferable to use a water spraying device beneath the belt at points just below the hot rolls 17 and 40. Such device may be provided by a pipe indicated at 95 in Fig. 1 apertured on the side adjacent the rolls l5 and 3 9. This serves to keep the belt saturated and the paper strips and such portions of asphalt as may come in contact with the belt are prevented from adhering thereto. Such spray device may also be used in conjunction with the rolls 47 and 54 aS indicated in Fig. 1.

It is also preferable to utilize a belt support indicated at 96 between the several pairs of rollers to prevent a sagging thereof. This support may be of any approved form adaptable for the purpose. Preferably, grooved longitudinally to receive the longitudinal strip 14. on the belt. The asphaltum felt or paper strips on which the asphalt composition is placed is preferably somewhat thicker than the strip embedded-in the upper surface of the composition. A comparatively thin strip may be utilized for the upper surface, its purpose being particularly to provide a portion of the upper surface of the shingle of a character to adhere to the bottom of the superimposed shingle as heretofore stated and indicated in Fig. 5. The strength of "the shingle is provided by the comparatively heavy strip on which the asphalt is poured.

The above description is of the preferred form of mechanism for making the described shingle, and it is to be understood that various departures in the way of details of construction of the various parts may be utilized without departing from the spirit .of this invention.

Having thus fully described our invention, its utility and modev of operation, what we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. In a machine for making composition shingles, a traveling belt, forming rollers between which the belt travels adapted to shape the belt into a series of longitudinally extending depressions and elevations providing transverse angularly positioned surfaces, means for feeding strips of asphaltum felt, paper or the like on each of the said inclined surfaces, means for applying a plastic composition to the upper surface of the strips, the forming rollers shaping the material in tapered form transversely of each strip, and means for severing the several strips transversely to form shingles of the desired width.

In a machine for making composition shingle, a traveling belt, forming rollers between which the belt travels adapted to shape the belt into a series of longitudinally extending depressions and elevations providing surfaces lyingat an angle to the horizontal transversely of the belt, means for feeding a series of webs on each of the said inclined surfaces, means for applying a plastic composition to the upper surface of the'webs, the formin rollers shaping the material in tapered form transversely of the webs, means for applying a paper or felt strip on a portion of the upper surface of the formed composition, and means for severing the several webs transversely to form shingles.

3. In a machine for making composition shingle, a traveling belt forming, rollers between which the belt travels adapted to shape the belt into a series of longitudinally extending depressions and elevations providi'n surfaces lying at anangle to the horizonta transversely of the belt, means for feeding a continuous web on each of the inclined surfaces, means for applying a cementitious composition to the upper surface of the webs, the forming rollers sha ing the material in tapered form transverse y of the webs, means for shapi the edges of the strips during movement t ereof, and means for'severing the several webs transversely to form shingles.

4. In a machine for making composition shingle, a traveling belt, forming rollers between which the belt travels adapted to shape the belt into a series of longitudinally extending depressions and elevations provlding surfaces lying at an angle to the horizontal transversely of the belt, means for feeding a web formed of asphaltum paper or'felt on each of the said inclined surfaces with the edges thereof practically in contact, means for applying a cementitious coating to the upper surface of the webs prior to their introduction between the rolls,

shingle, a traveling belt, forming rollers between which the belt travels, the roller beneath the belt being formed of a series of cones presenting oppositely inclined surfaces transversely of the belt, means for applying asphaltum paper or felt strips with the edges thereof in contiguous relation to the belt and over the inclined surfaces of the forming rollers respectively, the said belt being flexible transversely thereof, means for applying plastic composition to the upper surface of the strips, the said material and till strips in passing through the rollers forcing the belt into contact with the transversely inclined surfaces, the upper forming roller being cylindrical whereby'the upper surface of the material on the several strips is rolled flat, means for heating the cylindrical roller, a second set of forming rollers similar in character to the first set, means for applyin heat to the cylindrical. roller ofvthe second set, means for applying a strip of asphaltum felt or paper on the upper surface of each of the said plastic coated strips, the said upper strip being less in width than the width of the coated strips, means for embedding the said upper strips in the plasticcomposition, and means for severing the several strips transversely to form longitudinally tapered shingles.

6. In a machine for making composition shingle, means for coating a web of asphaltum felt or paper with a plastic composition tapering transversely of the web or strip, means for applying a strip of asphaltum felt or paper to thesurface of the composition and covering a portion of the strip from the narrow edge, and means for severing the strip transversely to form longitudinally tapered shingles.

In a machine for forming composition shingle, means for applying a plastic coatmg toa web or strip of asphaltum felt or paper, means for maintaining the upper surface of the composition in a plastic state, means-for applying an asphaltum strip to cover a portion of the plastic composition whlle' in the plastic state, means for applymg granular slate or stone. to the plastic surface, means for embedding the stone in the said plastic surface, an air blast for blowing excess granular slate or stone from the said surface, means for cooling thecomposition, and means for severingthe com posite strip transversely to form longitudinally tapered shingles.

8'. Tn a machine for making composition shingle, a framework, forming rollers there in, means .for feeding a series of webs or strips of asphaltum felt or paper through the forming rolls, means for applying plastic composition to the surface thereof, the forming rolls shaping the composition in tapered form transversely of each of the strips, the strips lying in contiguous relation, means for maintaining the composition on the several strips in separate relation during the forming process, means for shaping the thick edges of the strip, and means for severing the several strips transversely to form longitudinally tapered shingles.

9. The method of making longitudinall tapered composition shingle consisting in coating a continuously moving web of asphaltum felt or paper with a hot plastic composition tapered transversely from one edge of the strip to the other, embedding a strip of asphaltum felt or paper in the up per surface of the composition to cover a portion thereof on the narrow side, and severing the composite strip transversely to form longitudinally tapered shingles.

10. The method of making longitudinally tapered composition shingle with formed butts consisting in depositing on a traveling Web a coating of hot plastic material, forming the material during movement of the web to present a transversely tapered area in cross section, heating the upper surface of the composition after formation, embedding granular or crushed stone or slate in the upper heated surface, removing the excess slate or stone, passing the web through forming rollers adapted to shape the longitudinal thick edge of the strip, cooling and hardening the composition, and severing the strip transversely at intervals.

11. The method of making longitudinally tapered composition shingle, consisting in coating a web with plastic composition, tapering in thickness transversely of the web, embedding an'asphaltum paper or felt strip of awidth less than that of the plastic composition in the upper surface thereof, and severing the strip transversely at intervals.

12. The method of making composition shingle consisting in coating a traveling web with a plastic composition, embedding a web in a portion of the upper surface of the composition at one edge, and severing the com posite strip transversely at intervals.

In testimony whereof we sign this specification.

JUSEPH O. LUYER. ULTVER M. LOYER, 

